The year 2022 marks the thirtieth anniversary of the last war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In a context of increasing tension, this edited volume provides its readers with varying representations of Bosnian Muslims in Central Europe from the nineteenth century until today. Most of the works in this compilation acknowledge and address the historically established and enriched links between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Central Europe. In this regard, it is a valuable contribution to the currently available literature on Bosnian Muslims in particular and Central Europe in general. Although Bosnian Muslims are the focus of this work, it also provides varying perceptions and imaginations of Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats—the three constituent people of today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina, as they were/are inseparable in formation.All the chapters contribute to the current discussions regarding the formation of identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina in particular and in Central Europe at large, regardless of the variety in their focus (e.g., education, religion, administration, institutions, communities, identity). Using the available histories of the region to contextualize, each chapter offers new interpretations and understandings of a different aspect of the Bosnian Muslims, mainly during the rule of the Dual Monarchy. Argumentation is mainly based on primary sources (i.e., newspapers, journals, travelogues, state documents, etc.) from Central Europe in general and Bosnia and Herzegovina in particular. This compilation introduces an immense number of “new” sources to the literature to be considered for further future analyses by scholars interested in Central Europe.Period sources used in individual chapters are mainly those produced by local/regional actors. The introduction of primary sources, especially the ones that have not been analyzed before, is a valuable contribution of this compilation not only to the existing literature but also to the future works to be written on the region. Despite the presence of rich selections of period sources referenced in each work in this volume, the share of direct extracts from the primary sources, which are actually hard to reach for the scholars interested in the region because of language barriers, difficulty in access to sources in the local archives, and so forth, is quite stingy. This is unfortunate because such direct quotations would clarify and strengthen the argumentation in each work, in addition to allowing contemporary local voices to be heard.The literature reviewed in individual chapters for setting the historical background consists mainly of histories written by scholars from Central/South-Eastern Europe and the “West” focusing on the region. The extensive literature created by the historians of the Ottoman Empire from the “East” with a specific interest in the region is missing, even in contexts where the Ottoman system, its institutions, and their impact on South-Eastern Europe, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its people are narrated. The inclusion of the literature created by the historians of a state that ruled over Bosnia and Herzegovina for 415 years would enrich the historical backgrounds provided and the discussions and argumentations based on them. Nevertheless, the literature reviewed by each work to historicize the Bosnian Muslims in Central Europe provides a treasury of sources and knowledge for the parties interested in not only Bosnian Muslims and Bosnia and Herzegovina but also the history of Central Europe.All the chapters in the edited volume that provide state and/or civilian understandings, perceptions, and imaginations of the Bosnian Muslims reflect mainly upon either the Habsburg and/or the Czech perspective(s) during the rule of the Dual Monarchy. The focus on the Austria-Hungarian period of Bosnia and Herzegovina is quite limiting when it comes to understanding the Bosnian Muslims because they have a history before this, coming all the way from the Middle Ages and after, involving the impact of three wars and three different states along the course of the twentieth century. Because of the central place reserved for the interaction between the Habsburgs, the occupiers, and the Bosnian and Herzegovinian society, the occupied at large and Bosnian Muslims in particular, each work in the compilation explicitly or implicitly refers to the relationship between the occupiers and the occupied within the context of discussions of colonization: Was Bosnia and Herzegovina a Habsburg colony? It is possible to read in their individual contributions that the authors of this compilation mainly answer this question positively. Hence, this edited volume can be considered as a contribution to the enlarging recent literature arguing for the contested idea of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a Habsburg colony.The interests of various states and the presence of a number of states as rulers contributed to the multireligious/multiethnic, multilingual composition of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The change of rule from the Ottoman state to the Dual Monarchy naturally came with changes in the bureaucracy and, hence, the creation of state documentation in various languages. In this regard, Bosnia and Herzegovina resembles an elephant in academic research: scholars benefit from the primary sources and literature in the language(s) of their familiarity and provide depictions, interpretations, analyses, and argumentations regarding the country and its people in accordance. This inevitable fact makes the language(s) of familiarity the main determinant of output and, hence, varying camps in related literature. In this regard, the contributions to the literature provide a patchwork as embodied by the compilation under review. The patchwork nature of the output thus comes with its own richness and complications.The introduction and conclusion chapters written by the editor of the volume, František Šístek, traveling in between the Habsburg and post-Dayton times, provide the broadest possible historical, political, economic, and sociocultural framework for the links between the Bosnian Muslims and Central Europe. His contributions clarify the significance of the individual chapters and the compilation in general for the readers. The multilayered representations of Bosnian Muslims shared through this volume not only highlight the complexity of the formation of identity but also allow for a more critical approach to the pejorative stereotypical representations of Muslims at large.